Mould - the burning question

Mould - the burning question

People spend a large amount of time each day indoors. For that reason, the quality of air they breathe is an important determinant of their health and well-being. As I mentioned in my one of my earlier posts, indoor pollution from chemicals contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Today I would like to concentrate on biological agents which contribute to indoor air pollution.  

The inadequate control and low awareness of the importance of indoor air quality creates a considerable health burden. In a report from 2009, World Health Organization recognizes indoor air pollution from dampness, mould and other biological agents as important risk factors for human health in both low-income and middle- and high-income countries. Indoor dampness is a particularly important issue in Ireland due to the specific climate conditions. In addition, an increasing shortage of affordable housing provides little incentive for landlords to improve rental accommodation. The cost involved in remediation of mould-affected house is high and it may stop landlords from improving (quite often!)substandard housing conditions.

Microbial pollution involves HUNDREDS of species of bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa that can grow indoors (see page 12 of WHO report for more detailed information on the microorganisms). Many of these organisms are ubiquitous and the determining factor for their growth is moisture available within the building: the more moisture is available, the bigger number of 'little friends' spread all over the living surfaces.

Health Effects of Indoor Dampness

* Dust mites, several fungi and bacteria produce toxins and irritants known to be associated with respiratory health problems. Exposure to microbial contaminants is clinically associated with asthma, respiratory infections, cough, wheeze, allergies, and other immunological reactions.

* Dampness may also promote bacterial growth and the survival of viruses, but this has not been extensively researched.

* Dampness is an indicator of poor ventilation, which may result in increased levels of a wide range of other potentially harmful indoor pollutants (see my previous post HERE).

* Excess moisture may also result in increased chemical emissions from building materials and floor covers (see my previous post HERE).

While moisture formation is dependent mainly on building design and construction materials, there are measures which can be taken by the users of the building to prevent mould build-up. One of the foremost important measures is proper ventilation of all indoor spaces (especially bathroom, kitchen and laundry room). Other measures which can be taken include: indoor temperature control (especially in the winter) to prevent potential condensation, avoiding formation of stagnant pools of water, avoiding carpets and upholstery which are difficult to clean.  

My next post will attempt to give a brief description of toxic contaminants produced by the above-mentioned microorganisms and how to clean a shallow mould growth.